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High Yield Investment ProgramFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A High Yield Investment Program, or HYIP, is a purported investment program normally offered via the Internet. HYIPs typically accept investments of $500 or less while promising high returns.[1]
No HYIP has, as yet, survived for very long without turning out to be a scam. HYIPs are Ponzi schemes, in which new investors (usually unwittingly) provide the cash to pay a profit to existing investors, which they typically then withdraw leaving nothing to pay the new investor. This approach allows the scam to continue as long as new investors are found and/or old investors leave their money in the scheme, known as compounding (because even higher profits are promised).
HYIPs are frequently advertised in HYIP monitors (see below), spam emails, forums, mailing lists and Google AdWords. People are typically given a commission (for example, 9% of invested funds) when they provide a referral of a new customer.
HYIPs typically are not based in places such as the United States, western Europe, or Japan - which have strong enforcement against unregistered investment opportunities. Most HYIPs disclose little or no detail about the underlying management, location, or other aspects of how money is to be invested, and relatively little information (other than asserting that they do various types of trading on various stock and other exchanges) on how they actually generate the returns they purport. They are sometimes presented with some form of an emotional appeal, appeals for faith, and promises that they will help investors achieve financial freedom.
Arguably, the largest HYIP scam that has existed on the internet was PIPS (People in Profit System or Pure Investors)[2][3]. The investment scheme was started by Bryan Marsden in early 2004, (according to the Wayback Machine record of
http://pureinvestor.com 
) and spanned more than 20 countries. PIPS was investigated by Bank Negara Malaysia in 2005 which resulted in Marsden and his wife being charged in a Malaysian court with 97 counts of money laundering involving more than RM77 million - US$20 million - (copy of New Straits Times article dated 11 Oct 2006).
According to a website that maintains a list of HYIP scams[4], from 2004 to May 2006, the total number of HYIP scams was approximately 3,500, although many of these may be run by the same group groups of people. On average five new scams are reported there every day.
The introduction of e-currencies has made it possible for HYIPs to operate on the internet and cross international boundaries, and to accept large numbers of small investments. HYIPs usually accept e-gold, e-bullion, INTGold, and until Feburary 2006, StormPay.[5]
Contents [hide]
1 Interest rates
2 HYIP games
3 HYIP monitors
4 HYIPs indicted or under investigation
5 See also
6 External links
[edit] Interest rates
HYIPs typically claim to offer interest rates of 1% or more per day on invested funds; some claim to offer much higher daily rates exceeding 200% a day. The highest HYIP on record has offered 1,100% ROI in one day[6]. All of these claims of returns without large capital outlay or background information are indicative of a Ponzi-structured program and, eventually, a scam; such high interest rates raise an obvious question: Why would any business that can earn such profits, legitimately, bother to look for small investors?
As a comparison with a typical 1% per day claim, Warren Buffett, one of the world's most successful investors, made around 30% per year during his most successful period; that is, less than 0.1% per day (and that is as an average over a whole year). As the claimed returns of 1% per day are extremely unlikely to be produced legitimately, all HYIPs are therefore likely to be Ponzi schemes, and so most investors will in due course lose their money.
[edit] HYIP games
As a result of online forums and monitoring sites which have made HYIP investors more aware of their nature, a different sort of "honest" HYIP began springing up in the early months of 2006. Basically, the HYIP owner calls his or her program a "ponzi-structured game" where one should "not invest money one cannot afford to lose", and where there is "never a guarantee of earnings or refunds". They promise to pay out up to (for example) 95% of deposits, the rest going to hosting or other fees and the owner's profit.
In such "games", the first participants ("investors") may make a good profit and are encouraged to refer other people to the program because of referral commission, the fact that they have already made back their principal and are playing with profit, and that the more people who deposit money, the more money can be paid out to participants. In theory, strategies can be developed to maximize profit using these games (but, of course, since this is a zero-sum game, such strategies work by taking advantage of ignorance or errors by others). Some forum users may gain a reputation whereby others will trust their word that they have been able to withdraw their profits, encouraging others to invest in the hopes that more will invest after them and that they can therefore make a profit. As these games are by definition Ponzi schemes, it is inevitable that the vast majority of investors who are not at the top of the pyramid will lose their money.
These "games" might be considered as lotteries. However, the odds of winning cannot be determined, as one cannot know whether one is playing early enough to win money (that is, whether a sufficient number of new participants will follow). Thus, these activities are unlike a lottery or other forms of gambling, where a player has an equal chance of winning no matter when a ticket is bought, or where the odds of the game are known.
[edit] HYIP monitors
HYIP monitors, or HYIP listing/rating sites, are websites that list and/or promote HYIPs for referral commissions. The monitor charges each HYIP a listing fee which is usually then invested into that program, although there exist free listings and occasionally monitors which invest their own money. The monitor then labels the HYIP as "Paying" or "Not paying/Scam" depending on whether interest is received within the terms specified by the program. Monitors also allow other HYIP investors to rate and comment on the programs, based on factors such as promptness of payouts and responsiveness of the HYIP administrator. Programs with higher ratings achieve higher rankings on the monitor sites, which coupled with a "Paying" status may entice more investors who rely on the monitor.
Sometimes HYIPs only pay monitor sites to keep their "Paying" status visible, but do not pay other investors. As HYIP monitors are not affiliated with the HYIPs themselves, they are unable to prevent investors from being scammed; they neither help to recover lost funds nor track down the scammers. Promoting and perpetuating Ponzi schemes is a criminal offense punishable by jail terms or fines in most countries. That the monitor sites place disclaimers saying that they "do not promote the programs advertised on their website" does not absolve them from criminal liability.
In order to generate a "Paying" status early (so that future visitors will see it) and maintain it for the longest possible time, newly opened HYIPs must list their site quickly as well as constantly pay monitors their interest on time. Added to the fact that many monitors just invest the listing "fee", and that a commission is received on each deposit made by people who visit the HYIP via the monitor, they are the most likely to profit when a program runs out of funds. Hence, normal investors are always the losers.
HYIP owners can manipulate monitors and forums, by paying people to comment positively or by using a range of IP addresses or proxy servers in different locations so that "paying" votes appear to come from around the world. This allows the HYIP to rise up the rankings more quickly than others, giving investors a false sense of security. Additionally, even if they know it will scam in the future, most investors will also rate new HYIPs positively until the HYIP stops paying, because they want more people to invest after them in the hopes that the program will last longer. Future scammers can also build up a good reputation on forums for a large payoff once most forum members trust them.
Some HYIP monitors also have discussion forums that facilitate recruitment of new investors into HYIPs currently being promoted. These often contain many posts by cheerleaders or shills, who share a belief that HYIPs are good money-making opportunities as long as they pay.
[edit] HYIPs indicted or under investigation
The following is a list of HYIP scams that are currently under investigation or have been successfully indicted in a court of law.
12DailyPro (United States) - US Securities & Exchange Commission
Ginsystem Inc. (Singapore) - Commercial Affairs Department of Singapore
Intellekt Kapital (Germany)[citation needed]
IT4US (United States)
Omega Trust (United States)
OSgold (Australia) - news.com
PIPS (Malaysia) - see top of page
PlexPay (Norway) - HegnarOnline, in Norweigan
Profits4investingtoo ($800,000 stolen, US investigation)[citation needed]
Solidinvestment (United States)
[edit] See also
Ponzi scheme
Pyramid scheme
Autosurfing
[edit] External links
Warning to All Investors About Bogus Prime Bank and Other Banking-Related Investment Schemes, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
OSC/RCMP Warn Investors to Look Out For Prime Investment Schemes, Royal Canadian Mounted Police
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